Incomplete metabolism, a condition characterized by the inability of cells to
metabolize nutrients fully, has been linked to various health issues. This chapter
provides an overview of the current treatment strategies and therapeutic innovations
aimed at addressing the health impacts of incomplete metabolism. We discuss the
traditional medical diet and cofactor treatments for inborn errors of metabolism, as well
as enzyme replacement therapy and small molecule therapies as alternative approaches.
Additionally, we explore the role of antioxidant defense, glutathione regeneration, and
carnitine-mediated acyl group buffering in mitigating mitochondrial reductive stress
and the potential benefits of intermittent fasting, increasing energy demand through
strategies such as cold exposure and hypobaric hypoxia, and the use of SGLT2
inhibitors in promoting beiging of adipocytes. Finally, we highlight the future
directions in gene therapy and cell reprogramming for inborn errors of metabolism, as
well as the potential for repurposing existing drugs and the development of novel
treatments through high-content screenings. This comprehensive review aims to
provide a detailed understanding of the current treatment landscape and therapeutic
innovations for incomplete metabolism, with the goal of improving patient outcomes
and enhancing our understanding of this complex condition.
Keywords: Incomplete metabolism, Metabolism, Therapeutic innovations, Treatments.
