Over the past ten years, there has been a noticeable growth in the use of
biomarkers as early warning systems in the assessment of disease risk. Indicators of
normal biological processes, pathological processes, or pharmacological responses to
treatment are known as biomarkers. Biochemical indicators are important tools for
guiding illness care since they provide important information about a patient's overall
functional status and inflammatory state. The last few decades have seen the
development and establishment of nanotechnology, which has led to the rise of new
methods for the extraction of nanoscale biomarkers. This overview highlights the
definitions, background, features, classifications, and the identification, verification,
and standardization of biomarkers. Also discussed are the numerous new technologies
in discovery and the possible use of biomarkers in the previous 10 years for the
diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of different diseases. The primary objective of this
review is to encourage readers to investigate novel directions in biomarker
development and research.
Keywords: Biomarkers, Diagnostic biomarkers, Imaging biomarkers, Technology, Validation.
