The accelerating advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology has established an explosion of potential opportunities for the fabrication of miniaturized nanostructured components with specialized applications in biology, electronics, chemistry, mechanics, and computational functions. This has a huge impact on the special field of biosensors, empowering the fabrication of extremely sensitive, compact, and effective diagnostic equipment. Notably, among these aforementioned advances, the nano-based Field-Effect Transistor (NFET) serves as an attractive candidate for biosensor applications owing to its remarkable attributes, including label-free detection, a high level of sensitivity, rapid response times, continuous measurement capabilities, low consumption of electricity, and potential for miniaturization into compact devices. Each of these traits combines to make nano-based FET biosensors, an interesting and robust technology for a variety of biomedical applications. In recent years, the integration of semiconducting materials, polymers, and carbon-based biocompatible nanomaterials has significantly revolutionized biosensing applications. These materials have been strategically incorporated into various nanostructures to elevate the efficacy and sensitivity of biosensing devices, particularly in the realm of field-effect transistor (FET)- based systems. This proposed book chapter aims to explore the burgeoning landscape of biocompatible nanomaterials and their role in the evolution of biosensing technologies. The utilization of nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites, and carbon-based structures, has offered unique opportunities to enhance the performance and reliability of biosensors. Overall, the chapter strives to deliver an inclusive examination of the advancements including potential future directions in the realm of biocompatible nanomaterials, specifically focusing on their integration into FET-based biosensing devices. It aspires to be an essential resource for researchers, scientists, and practitioners in the field of nanotechnology and biosensing
Keywords: Biosensors, and bioelectronics, Field-effect transistor, Nano biosensors, Nanomaterials.
