The cultivation of crops in controlled environments (CE) has progressed
from laboratories, greenhouses, and screenhouses to advanced technologies such as
aquaculture and hydroponics. Various biotic and abiotic factors are regulated and
optimized in these systems to benefit the cultivated plants. The use of CE for growing
food originated from the need to provide more quality and quantity of food to
accommodate the increasing world population. Pests and diseases significantly hinder
crop productivity, posing a challenge to the objectives of CE. Common pests of CE
include but are not limited to aphids, thrips, whiteflies, caterpillars, botrytis (grey
mold), downy mildew, and powdery mildew. The current book chapter addresses ecofriendly solutions to reduce pest populations and prevent disease infections. It will
cover early warning systems and regular surveillance of pest species in CE.
Additionally, it will examine integrated pest and disease management strategies to
control pests and diseases in CE. This chapter will also explore advanced technologies
such as biotechnology, AI, machine learning, and robotics, representing the future of
farming. Finally, the book will propose future pest and disease management directions
in CE.
Keywords: Biological, Biocontrol, Cultural, Cultivation, Diseases, Endophytes, Fungus, IPM, Pest, Population.
