Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2

This chapter comprises the neurological pathogenesis of Coronaviridae in the central nervous system (CNS). These viruses manifest their virulence factors involving multiple organs of the body, initiating from febrile conditions, respiratory distress, and hypoproteinemia leading to edematous fluid accumulation. They pave their path to CNS by directly affecting the cranial plus vagus nerve fibers and synapses or through systematic circulation. The viruses can have an affinity with various receptor sites present on organs that help in hematogenous and retrograde mobility towards CNS. Comorbidities occur excessively due to these viruses in the living system involving vital organs such as the liver, heart, and lungs. Neurological dissemination of these viruses is characterized by a permanent loss of nerves or part of the CNS, either entirely or partially. Prevention is suggested, accompanied by adequate treatment and care management to avoid extensive spreading of the virus throughout CNS.

Keywords: Comorbidities, MERS-COV, Neurological complications, SARS COV-2, SARS-COV.