This chapter provides a background of the study on Electric Vehicles (EVs),
focusing on motor drive technologies that are still evolving. The need to optimize EV
applications and performance is taken into account. EVs have been promising
technologies for achieving a sustainable transport sector in the future due to their
minimized carbon emissions, low noise, high efficiency, flexibility in grid operation,
and integration. The future of EVs holds significant promise as advancements in
technology and infrastructure converge. In general, Direct Current Motors (DCMs),
Induction Motors (IMs), and Permanent Magnet Motors (PMMs) can generally be
found in trading centers, whereas Reluctance Motors (RMs) have been utilized
eventually and are approached towards commercial availability. This chapter briefly
introduces various types of electric motors and their usage in electric vehicles. The
reader will certainly have a basic understanding of motor mechanisms used in various
applications of electric drives.
In the interest of the share market, let’s analyze some figures to verify the usage and
importance of electric vehicles in society. The annual EV sales crossed 12 lakh
vehicles in FY2023, with more than 60% of the share accounted for by registered
Electric two-Wheelers (E2W) followed by passenger Electric three-Wheelers (E3WP)
with approximately 29% market share. The data also says that 13% of the new cars
sold in 2022 were electric ones. The growth in CO2
emissions should also be reduced in
order to meet Net Zero Emissions by 2050. The share of sales of EVs increased by 4%
in 2021. The global sales of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid EVs
(PHEVs) exceeded six million units in 2020.
Keywords: Battery pack, Charging infrastructure, Die-cast rotors, Electric car, Electric vehicles, Electric current, Electric motors, Electric traction systems, Greenhouse gas emissions, Induction motors, Internal combustion engine, Lorentz force, Net Zero Emissions, Permanent magnet motors, Power electronic converters, Reluctance motors, Rechargeable batteries, Switched reluctance machine, Two wheelers.
