Influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2, and mycobacterium tuberculosis are some
of the deadly microbes that continue to make it difficult for us to deal with health
problems globally. Although there is a wide range of treatment options for respiratory
diseases, including influenza, COVID-19, or tuberculosis, traditional vaccines such as
oral formulations and injections have limitations in effectively targeting these
pathogens. However, the solution to this challenge lies in the development of inhalable
vaccines. Inhalable vaccines take advantage of infection through respiration, thus
allowing for pathogens that cause diseases through the mouth and nose. This chapter
discusses the possible role of inhalable vaccines in transforming or solving issues
related to respiratory diseases. Compared to traditional vaccination methods, inhalable
vaccines have several advantages. Inhalable vaccines replicate natural infection routes,
which helps provoke both systemic and mucosal immune responses, thereby improving
immunity at the pathogen entry points. Several delivery strategies have been developed
for optimal vaccine administration into the lungs, including dry powder formulations
and aerosols. Moreover, inhalable vaccines facilitate simplified administration, which
may enhance vaccine coverage rates in resource-poor settings where compliance is an
issue. Some inhalable vaccines are being developed or tested for respiratory problems,
including flu, COVID-19, and tuberculosis. These vaccines show remarkable
effectiveness and safety records to make their mass distribution possible. However,
there are still challenges, such as the requirement for strong delivery systems to
administer the right amount of vaccine and keep the vaccine formulations stable. The approval and distribution of inhalable vaccines depend on various factors, including
safety issues related to their administration via the pulmonary route and regulatory
requirements. In the future, this new type of vaccine can revolutionize respiratory
disease control. More research and developments are needed to make inhalable
vaccines more efficient, safer, and accessible. Thus, if we take advantage of the
potential of vaccination through the lungs, we can start moving towards a world where
respiratory diseases are prevented globally.
Keywords: Aerosols, COVID-19, Dry powder, Influenza, Inhalable vaccines, Pulmonary vaccination, Respiratory disease, Tuberculosis, Viruses.
