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Nanomaterials, Metamaterials, and Smart Materials: Synthesis and Characterization

Back Book Details

Nanomaterial Synthesis and Surface Functionalization

Author(s): Kamal I. M. Al-Malah *

Pp: 345-458 (114)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815324273125010006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

 BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN APPROACH FOR NANOMATERIAL SYNTHESIS

The bottom-up and top-down approaches are two general methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. The bottom-up approach starts with individual atoms or molecules and builds them up into larger structures, while the top-down approach starts with a bulk material and reduces it in size to the nanoscale.

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