Early detection and effective treatment are daunting challenges in the field
of cancer biology. Ovarian cancer has emerged as a third-ranked health issue among
women worldwide. In recent decades, there have been numerous pieces of evidence
regarding ovarian cancer depicting a high-grade cellular transformation leading to selfrenewal, defining cancer stemness, aggressive growth, and distribution to other organs.
Deregulated biological processes are activated, including the Wnt pathway,
AKT/MAPK, and STAT3, in typical cells that turn down the governed cell division
into uncontrolled expansion through cancer stem cell markers SOX2, CD133, CD44,
CD117, and Aldehyde dehydrogenase, thereby suppressing the cell immune system and
apoptotic activity. Currently, there has been the advent of innovative therapy for cancer
known as “Exosomes,” which are nanovesicles secreted by all cells conveying nucleic
acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates to the recipient cells. The upper-hand use of
exosomes is marked by their immune tolerability, stability, and systemic delivery to
target cells, which will contribute to cancer therapy. In this analysis, we will focus on
the behavior of cancer stem cells in the EMT mechanism that promotes ovarian cancer
and discusses exosome-based therapeutic applications that require further research to
prevent tumor growth.
Keywords: Nanovesicles, Ovarian cancer, Wnt pathway.
