Exorbitant cancer malignancy is at the helm of multiple organ malfunction
in humans and is considered a cause of increased cancer mortality worldwide.
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are powerful
machinery for the therapeutic approach to tumors because of their substantial
peculiarity, focusing on modulatory molecules, both oncogenes and tumor suppressors,
to preclude tumor metastasis and enable apoptosis. Exosomes are considered an ideal
delivery system because of their specificity and ability to prevent premature release of
cargo. Exosomes are accessed as an effective conveyance of CRISPR/Cas9 elements
and other attractive biomolecules to recipient cancer cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 loaded
exosomes are endocytosed for further alteration of cellular metabolic pathways, either
by knock-in or knock-out of the designed destined gene using sgRNA and Cas9
protein. The current study provides a platform to address the alliance between the
CRISPR/Cas9 model and exosomes, depicting a remarkable therapeutic approach
against cancer and other fatal diseases.
Keywords: CRISPR Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, Cas - CRISPR-associated protein, CrRNA - CRISPR RNA, EMT - Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, gRNA - Guide RNA, MHC - Major histocompatibility complex, TracrRNA - trans-activating CRISPR RNA.
