Cancer remains a threat to global health and medical progress. Uncontrolled
cell proliferation is a complicated aspect of this disease, making prevention and
treatment strategies extremely difficult. The rising incidence of cancer in India
highlights how urgently comprehensive strategies to address the rising cancer burden
are needed. Cancer presents in a variety of ways, classified according to the organs or
tissues that are impacted. Accurate staging is essential for customized treatments and
prognoses. Uncontrolled cell division is largely caused by the dysregulation of essential
proteins like cyclins and CDKs, which require a basic understanding of the normal cell
cycle phases. Tumor suppressors, including p53, are essential for controlling the
proliferation of cells and are involved in the complex process of cancer initiation.
Cancer is preceded by processes such as neoplasm development, epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis, which can be impacted by genetic
changes, exposure to carcinogens, or persistent inflammation. Using the immune
system's defense mechanisms, immunotherapy has the potential to identify and
eradicate aberrant cells, opening up new treatment options. In conclusion, reducing the
global impact of cancer requires a comprehensive strategy that includes awareness raising, prevention, early detection, and cutting-edge treatments. Future cancer
treatments could be more precise and effective thanks to ongoing research, especially
in immunotherapy.
Keywords: Cancer, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Immunotherapy, Treatment, Tumour suppressor.
