The gut microbiota (GM) comprises a complicated community of bacteria
within the human intestinal tract. Nutrient absorption, immune reaction, energy
metabolism, and various other physiological functions are all greatly impacted by the
extensive and dynamic population of microbes found in the human gut. Scientific study
indicates that a disorder in the configuration and role of the gut microbiota known as
dysbiosis plays a major part in the development of inflammation leading to the
development of obesity and illnesses associated with it like metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver, and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. There
is a common interactive relationship between the microbiota in the gut with all the
organs in the body including the brain. Food addiction along with dysfunctional eating
patterns reflect changes in the interrelationship between the brain- gut-microbiota
(BGM), along with a tipping point in this balance towards hedonistic pathways that
result in obesity. Research supports the belief that the pathophysiology of obesity is
influenced by bidirectional transmission in the gut-brain axis (GBA), which is assisted
by the immune system, neurological, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms. This study
discusses the roles played by the gut microbiota in promoting obesity, the
comorbidities that go along with it, and how microbial manipulation can assist in
avoiding or alleviating weight gain and related comorbidities. It also encompasses the
various strategies used to address the issue, including diet modifications to address
individual microflora or the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal
microbiota transplants (FMT).
Keywords: Brain-gut microbiota (BGM), Diet modification, endocrine regulation, Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT), Food addiction, Gut-brain axis (GBA), Gut microbiota, Hedonistic pathways, Microbial dysbiosis.
