This chapter delves into the assessment of nematode biodiversity, which
involves investigating the community of these organisms present in a given region. The
biodiversity of nematodes can be studied through molecular or conventional
approaches. In a conventional method, proper sampling is essential to accurately
evaluate biodiversity, and this task is aided by the use of various indices, including
Shannon, richness, evenness, and community indices. In the field of molecular
biodiversity, researchers can investigate the diversity of nematodes by conducting
metagenomic analysis of ribosomal DNA (e.g., 18S rDNA) or cytochrome c oxidase
subunit I (cox1) gene of mitochondrial DNA. These approaches provide significant
insights into the identification and classification of nematode taxa present in soil
ecosystems. Analysis of these genetic markers allows scientists to better understand the
rich diversity of nematodes and their ecological roles within soil communities. In this
chapter, relevant information on nematode biodiversity assessment is presented.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Free-living, Indices, Nematodes, Plant-parasitic.
