Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by central obesity, glucose
intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. This is attributed to an increased
inflammatory state resulting from increased cytokine synthesis from adipose tissue.
Almost all of the medical problems associated with metabolic syndrome can be more
successfully remised in the long term by bariatric-metabolic surgery (BMS) compared
to conservative methods. In past years, the benefits of BMS have been attributed to
weight loss; however, currently, it has been well described that anti-inflammatory
response and remission of T2DM and other comorbidities begin in the first weeks after
procedures. Moreover, there is also sufficient evidence that BMS helps in the remission
of integral components of MetS, such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and
cardiovascular diseases, in the long term where many patients do not even require
medical treatment. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and recent guidelines
recommend that metabolic surgery may be considered if glycemic control is not
achieved despite optimal treatment if the patient's body mass index (BMI) is 30kg/m2
and above.
Keywords: Body mass index, Bariatric surgery, Comorbidities, Metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Weight loss.
