Marine environments are among the most unfavorable due to salinity, pH,
sea surface temperature, wind patterns, ocean currents, and precipitation regimes. Due
to the frequent changes in environmental conditions, the microorganisms that live there
are better suited to adjusting to unfavorable conditions, which is why they have
complex characteristic qualities of adaptation. Consequently, by forming biofilms and
producing extracellular polymeric substances, the microorganisms isolated from marine
habitats are intended to be better exploited in the bioremediation of soils and water
bodies contaminated with toxic pollutants. Many marine bacteria have also been
reported to produce bioactive compounds, which found their use in many
biotechnological applications. This chapter explores marine microbial diversity, its
utilization in bioremediation, and understanding their role in ecosystem sustainability.
Keywords: Ecosystem sustainability, Microbial diversity, Microbiomes, Nutrient cycling, Pharmaceuticals, Remediation
