The genus Andrographis Wall. ex Nees is recognized for its potential
medicinal properties, playing a vital role in traditional and indigenous medicinal
systems, particularly in India. It is used for treating various common ailments such as
cold, fever, diarrhea, jaundice, cancer, and tumor. In addition, Andrographis is valued
as a health tonic for fever and cardiovascular health as an antioxidant. Its applications
extend to improving sexual dysfunctions and acting as a contraceptive. The therapeutic
properties of Andrographis are primarily attributed to the major phytochemical
andrographolide, although the composition of phytoconstituents can vary significantly
among different species. These phytochemical variations are significantly influenced
by geographical location, soil types, seasonal changes, and the specific time of harvest.
The diversity in chemical composition highlights the importance of understanding the
specific context and conditions under which Andrographis species are grown and
harvested to optimize their medicinal efficacy. This chapter deals with the botany of
andrographolide-yielding Andrographis species and their taxonomy, identification key,
citation, description, and distribution for their availability and conservation.
Keywords: Andrographis, Distribution, India, Medicinal importance, Taxonomy.