From SARS-CoV to MARS-CoV

Hosts Genetic Diversity of MERS-CoV

Author(s): Faisal Siddique*, Etab Saleh Alghamdi, Asghar Abbas, Muhammad Saeed, Kashif Rahim, Asif Javaid and Firasat Hussain

Pp: 296-310 (15)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815274943124010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a potentially fatal disease that can be passed from animals to humans. It was first discovered in numerous Arab countries in 2012, including Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Over 2500 people have been impacted by this illness worldwide, with 850 confirmed deaths from 27 nations. Humans, camels, sheep, goats, bats, pigs, rabbits, bovines, horses, and alpacas have all been infected with MERS-CoV worldwide. MERS-CoV keeps a 32 kb positive-sense RNA genome with at least six pathogenic components, including ORF1ab, membrane, envelope, spike, and nucleocapsid. The spike protein promotes virus entrance across the host cell membrane. To initiate the disease, host proteolytic enzymes must separate the MERS-CoV spike protein into two components, S1 and S2. The spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds to host cell receptors such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4, sialic acid, GRP78, and CEACAM5, which are found on the host cell membrane surface. There is little information available about MERS-CoV infection host genetic diversity. This chapter emphasizes the importance of data related to historical background, host characteristics, the molecular diversity of MERS-CoV host cell entry receptors, and the genetic diversity of MERS-CoVs in bat, human, camel, and civet hosts. These findings will help us better understand the host genetic diversity of MERS-CoV infection.


Keywords: Bat, Camels, Humans, MERS-CoV, Saudi Arabia, Spike protein.

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