Melanoma, a malignant tumor of the skin, is a major health concern
worldwide, with increased incidence rates especially among fair-skinned individuals.
This section investigates the complex connection between vitamin D and melanoma,
offering insight to vitamin D's numerous functions in both skin health and prevention
of cancer. Vitamin D, which is largely synthesized in the skin in response to ultraviolet
B (UVB) radiation, has important activities beyond mineral homeostasis, such as
immunological regulation and tumor suppression. Considering its potential preventive
effects, the processes behind vitamin D's influence on the likelihood of melanoma and
progression are complex and require further research. Observational studies indicate a
possible adverse link between vitamin D levels and melanoma risk, while causality and
appropriate supplementing regimens are unclear. Genetic differences in vitamin D
receptors and metabolic enzymes may also influence an individual's vulnerability to
melanoma. Melanoma risk reduction strategies include a broad approach, including
limiting UV exposure, supplementing the diet, and considering genetics. This review
summarizes the current investigation into vitamin D's complex interaction with
melanoma, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive measures to maximize its
efficacy in melanoma prevention and care.
Keywords: Melanoma, Risk factor, Sunlight exposure, Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D.
