Vitamin D is an essential micronutrient crucial for various physiological
functions in humans, notably impacting calcium metabolism, skeletal integrity,
immune response, and cellular proliferation and differentiation. While predominantly
synthesized through sunlight exposure, dietary intake, and supplementation also
contribute to its availability. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated as a potential
risk factor for atherosclerosis, cardiorespiratory distress, and cardiovascular diseases
(CVDs), including sudden cardiac death, hypertension, and stroke. Observational
studies have indicated an inverse correlation between circulating vitamin D levels and
the incidence of CVDs; however, causality remains ambiguous. Some evidence
suggests a potential cardioprotective effect of vitamin D supplementation, however,
further investigation is warranted to elucidate its precise role in cardiovascular health.
This review aims to comprehensively present existing literature on the relationship
between vitamin D status and CVDs.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Supplement, Cardiovascular disease, Hypertension, Vitamin D.
