In recent years, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become
significant environmental concerns due to their persistent nature and potentially
harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. Most of the reported materials and
methods for the degradation of such toxic pollutants show limitations such as low
recovery, high energy consumption and environmental impacts. As a result, more
efficient green materials and methods are the need of the hour. Recently, researchers
have reported efficient materials for the degradation of MPs and NPs. Hence, in this
chapter, a comprehensive overview of eco-friendly initiatives and preventive measures
is highlighted. It covers detailed information about the sources of MPs and NPs and
their toxic impact on the environment and human health. It also highlights the existing
techniques for processing and degradation of MPs and NPs and the potential of green
nanomaterials in the degradation of plastics. The authors believe that this information
will pave the way for the design and development of new alternate methods for further
implementation.
Keywords: Eco-friendly, Environmental impacts, Degradation, Green nanomaterials, Microplastics, Nanoplastics, Preventive measures.