In the current scenario, dangerous refractory organic and inorganic
pollutants are continuously released into the environment as a result of industrialization
that poses a significant threat on a global scale. One of the greatest challenges that
needs to be solved is the effective management of various pollutants and waste. Despite
their effectiveness, traditional treatment methods have several drawbacks, such as the
fact that they are time-consuming and target-specific. As a result, it directs the search
for a suitable replacement. Researchers are paying close attention to the novel
technique of nano-bioremediation to remove pollutants from various contaminated
locations. This approach combines the benefits of bioremediation and nanotechnology
to develop a remediation process that is quicker, more productive, and less harmful to
the environment than either approach individually. This chapter summarizes the green
synthesis methods of various nanomaterials (NMs) along with an explanation of the
remediation methodology, its mechanism, and prospective applications in
environmental remediation. Additionally, the removal and valorzsation of waste
materials using green nanotechnology supported by microbes and enzymes are
highlighted. This chapter also discusses the multiple constraints of nanobioremediation as well as the factors responsible for the efficiency of NMs.
Keywords: Biofabrication, Green synthesis, Immobilization, Microemulsion, Nano-bioremediation, Nanocomposite, Nanotechnology.