Human gut microbiota (GM) research has emerged as one of the most
promising fields in recent years. Moreover, a major area of interest is the connection
between GM and several human disorders. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated
the vital roles that the gut microbiome plays in human physiology and pathology.
Additionally, microbiome-based medicines have been used to cure illnesses. In
biomedical research, aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's disease have also attracted a lot of attention. To explore the potential
pathogenic or therapeutic impacts of GM in diseases, several researchers have
examined the connections between these factors. Numerous biologically active
chemicals produced by microbiota have an impact on neurochemistry via
neuroendocrine, immunological, and metabolic pathways. Gastrointestinal functional
disturbances can manifest well in advance of the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
Furthermore, recent advancements in both preclinical and clinical research have
indicated that the composition of the GM assumes a significant role in governing the
dynamic interplay between the gut-brain axis, potentially bearing relevance to the
etiology of neurodegenerative maladies. This chapter focuses on the relationship
between the microbiota and neurodegeneration, as well as the pertinent mechanisms,
present applications, and potential future prospects for microbiome-based therapy.
Keywords: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Huntington’s Disease, Intestinal Microbiome, Microbiota, Neurodegeneration, Parkinson's.