Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by
high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or
both. The disease affects millions worldwide and is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus are
complex and involve multiple cellular and molecular processes. In this review, we
discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the
development and progression of diabetes mellitus. Specifically, we focus on the role of
pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and abnormalities in glucose
metabolism, lipids, and proteins. We also examine the contribution of genetic and
environmental factors to developing diabetes mellitus. Additionally, we highlight the
importance of targeting these molecular mechanisms for developing new and effective
therapies for managing diabetes mellitus. A better understanding of the molecular
mechanisms involved in diabetes mellitus can lead to more effective treatments and
better disease management.
Keywords: Beta-cell dysfunction, Diabetes mellitus, Genetic factors, Glucose metabolism, Insulin resistance, Molecular mechanisms, Therapeutic targets.