Application of 21st Century Genetic Engineering Tools and CRISPR-Cas9 Technologies to Treat Most Advanced Cardiovascular Diseases of Humans

21st Century Genome-editing technologies have been rapidly emerging as the most powerful tool capable of creating genetically altered cells or organisms for explicit gene functions and mechanisms for causing several human ailments. While clinical gene therapy celebrates its first taste of success, with several products approved for clinical usage and several thousands of them awaiting stages in pipelines, unfortunately, there are no gene therapy treatment methods available for many cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Despite sustained medical advances over the last 50 years in CVD, the main cause of death is still uncertain in the developed world. The management of genetic expression by using small molecule RNA therapeutics and the development of accurate gene corrections may lead to several applications, such as cardiac revitalization after myocardial infarctions and gene corrections for the inherited cardiomyopathies but certainly with some limitations. CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be utilized to realign DNA modifications ranging from a single base pair to multiplepairs of mutations in both in vitro and in vivo models. This book chapter emphasizes various types of applications by CRISPR technologies in cardio-vascular research, and genome-editing novel therapies for future medicines.

Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9, Myocardial infarction, Gene Therapy, Myocardial infarction., Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).