Diabetes
mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia
that occurs as a result of impaired insulin secretion and/or insulin effect, or
both of these factors. The fact that the disease has both individual and social
dimensions makes it important to detect as early as possible and make the
necessary lifestyle changes. For this purpose, it becomes necessary to develop
fast, effortless, cheap, and reliable methods for diagnosis. We discussed which
biochemical markers should enter routine use according to their sensitivity and
specificity among the biochemical markers that have been used and are still
being studied. In this chapter, we explored some methods that may be used as
biomarkers and discussed advantages and pitfalls for each.
Keywords: Advanced glycation end-products, Biomarkers, Diabetes mellitus, Glycated albumin, HbA1c, microRNAs, Netrin, Salivary glucose.
