According to the preliminary research, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) has been found to be more severe in patients with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore,
COVID-19 might also lead to hyperglycaemia. Along with other risk factors, high
blood glucose may also affect immune and inflammatory responses, thus inclining
patients to severe COVID-19 witha much higher mortality rate. Angiotensin-converting
enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors are the common entry point for SARS-CoV-2. Recent
findings suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) can also act as a binding and entry
target. Glucose-lowering agents and anti-viral treatments can alter the risk, but there
exist limitations to their use, and its possible interactions with COVID-19 treatments
should be carefully assessed. TMPRSS2 and Neuropilin-1, the key components that
facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection, are also the potential targets forthe treatment of
COVID-19. Finally, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections might
represent a worsening factor for people with diabetes, as it can precipitate acute
metabolic complications through direct negative effects on cell function. Thus, this
chapter deals with the treatment options of diabetes and COVID-19. Most of these
conclusions are preliminary, and further investigation of the optimal management in
patients with diabetes mellitus is warranted.
Keywords: Diabetes, COVID-19, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), Treatment options of Diabetes, Interrelation of COVID-19 and diabetes.