Evaluation of Structure-property Relationship of Coconut Shell Lignins by NMR Spectroscopy: From Biorefinery to High-added Value Products

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most

important spectroscopic methods for lignin characterization, playing a key role in its

structural elucidation and the choice of its suitable application. This chapter intends to

cover a wide range of matters regarding the NMR utilization in the lignin field from the

biorefinery up to lignin valorization through different chemical modifications in order

to produce high-added-value products with potential technological applications. The

chapter is divided into four main sections, in which the first and second ones will

provide a review of the main structural properties, NMR experiments used for lignin

characterization, and the recent advances of this technique. The third section is

composed of topics about biorefinery with a focus on microwave-assisted organosolv

delignification (MWAOD) and how the main pulping parameters affect the lignin

structure, besides the use of NMR as a quality control tool for MWAOD up-scaling.

Finally, the fourth section discusses NMR as a tool for determining structure-property

relationship by performing some chemical modifications in lignin structure aiming its

valorization, such as glycidylation, microwave-assisted phosphorylation, microwaveassisted

selective acetylation, and the performance of lignins from different pulping

processes as antioxidant compounds and the influence of their structure on it.

Therefore, this chapter contributes to the development of the lignin field by reviewing

the recent advances provided by NMR spectroscopy.

Keywords: Lignin Valorization, Lignochemical Platform, Structural Elucidation.

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Current Chinese Science

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Current Computer-Aided Drug Design

Current Bioactive Compounds

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Current Topics in Chemistry

The Natural Products Journal

Current Catalysis

Current Chinese Chemistry

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening

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Advances in Mathematical Chemistry and Applications

Advances in Mathematical Chemistry and Applications Volume 1 (Revised Edition)

Advances in Organic Synthesis

DOI https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815039351121090005	Print ISSN 2405-4674
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 2405-4682

Applications of NMR Spectroscopy