Kidneys (2), ureters (2), urinary bladder (1), and urethra (1) constitute the
urinary system. Man is exposed to in the form of medicines, industrial and
environmental chemicals, and a variety of naturally occurring substances and kidney is
adversely affected by these chemicals. An acute injury is the result of this exposure that
may lead to renal failure and renal malignancies. In this chapter, kidney functions,
urinary system disorders, nephrotoxicity, nephrotoxic chemical substances, diabetic
nephropathy, and urolithiasis are given.
Keywords: Cisplatin, Diabetic nephropathy, Gentamicin, Nephrotoxicity,
Kidney, Kidney stones, Urolithiasis, Urinary system.
