This chapter deals with the introduction, definition and classification of
various biological molecules like carbohydrates, lipids and bio-membranes, amino
acids, proteins and nucleic acids. The synthesis of carbohydrates, structure and function
of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides, absolute and relative
configuration of sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugar, Fischer projection formula
and Haworth projection formula are also briefly described. A brief knowledge about
the type of fatty acids, acid value, soap value, various types of lipids, including
phospholipids and sphingolipids, is also included. This unit also discusses the
properties of various types of amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids, including
structures of nucleoside, nucleotides, DNA and RNA.
Keywords: Carbohydrates, Nucleic acid, Nucleotide, Polypeptides, Proteins,
Relative and absolute configuration.