Globally, heart failure is among the principal cause of death. Heart
transplantation is the only way out to replace the diseased or damaged heart. Since this
technique has several disadvantages, newer therapeutic approaches are required for
cardiac repair. One such approach is cardiac tissue engineering, which helps in
designing and developing biomimetic materials that mimic the microenvironment of
the myocardium. Approaches for cardiac tissue engineering consists of cell injection,
tissue patch implantation, replacement of the valve, and injection of acellular materials.
Biomaterials are designed to support stem cell expansion, protection, and
differentiation. They also facilitate cell retention, cell survival and provide mechanical
support. Advances in nanotechnology have made the biomimetic material design more
advanced as it can deliver bioactive factors, manipulate surface topography, control cell
behavior, and align cells and tissues properly. Furthermore, electrical conductivity and
mechanical stiffness can be modulated as well. Overall, biomimetic materials are the
new therapeutic approaches in the field of cardiac regenerative medicine,
demonstrating their potential in treating heart disease.
Keywords: Biomimetic, Cardiomyocytes, Electrospinning, Nanofibers,
Nanolithography, Scaffolds.
