The pandemic of COVID-19 is a grim reminder of the fact that viruses can
be very contagious and that devising a vaccine and treatments against a viral disease is
difficult and time-consuming. Our ancestors grappled with this problem for some
infectious diseases until the late 19th century—and for others into the late 20th century.
The chief weapons against infectious diseases were soap, disinfectants, isolation and
quarantine, destruction of tainted items, and application of botanicals for symptoms of
the viral diseases. This chapter describes Russians’ multi-millennia experiences in
treating infectious diseases with botanicals—from their earliest recorded history down
to the present. The chapter is based on Russian-language sources—for the early period
on information from chronicles and herbals recorded by Russian medical historians and
for the modern period based on my personal research into pharmaceutical books and
journal articles, interviews, and case records of practicing phytotherapists and healers.
Keywords: Anthrax, Botanical Research, Cholera, Epidemics, First World War,
Herbals, Infectious Diseases, Narodnaia Meditsina Viruses, Post-Soviet Russia:
Chronicles, Phytotherapy, Russia, Soviet Union, Smallpox, Second World War,
Typhus, Typhoid.