Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder that is represented with a
defect in insulin secretion and insulin action. Diabetic nephropathy is a well-known
complication of diabetes that occurs in 20% to 40% of the diabetic population. Kidney
failure is categorized into acute and chronic renal disease. Acute renal disease may
origin rapidly which is reversible. Chronic kidney disease develops in a slow manner at
least three months of duration which leads to cause kidney failure. The permanent
damage to the kidney cells by the multiple risk factors that result in loss of renal
function which leads to cause renal failure. Chronic renal failure is a well-established
risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease complications. Renal failure patients
may develop ten to twenty folds risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Dialysis is
performed to normalize the health condition of chronic renal failure patients. The
progression of kidney failure with cardiovascular disease has been associated with
various risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol
enhances the risk of cardiovascular disease with renal failure. The chest x-ray,
electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, coronary angiogram, urine culture test, MRI scan,
CT scan, blood test, renal biopsy, fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar, serum
creatinine, creatine clearance, uric acid, total proteins, glomerular filtration rate was
used to detect the severity of cardiovascular disease in diabetic nephropathy. Early
identification of causative factors detection and effective prescribing practice of blood
lowering medications, statins, hyperlipidemic drugs, diuretics, and erythropoietin drugs
can improve the health outcomes of cardiovascular disease in diabetic nephropathy
patients.
Keywords: Acute Renal Disease, Chronic Renal Failure, Diabetes Mellitus,
Dialysis, Hypertension.
