Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors for developing
cardiovascular complications. The cardiovascular diseases connected with complex risk
factors include diabetes, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, dyslipidemia,
hypertension, and obesity. Cardiovascular disease is causing more deaths in developed
and developing countries. Hyperlipidemia associated with high levels of fatty materials
deposition in systemic circulation. Cholesterol is a waxy fat protein produced naturally
in the liver, present in bloodstream as proteins called lipoproteins. Cholesterol is a fatty
substance found in several fatty foods such as eggs, red meat, and cheese. The large
amounts of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol deposits in the arterial walls cause
narrowing of blood vessels that can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular
complications. Dyslipidemia is categorized into primary and secondary types. It
includes primary and secondary dyslipidemia. The primary dyslipidemia is noted to be
inherited. Secondary dyslipidemia is an acquired condition and develops from obesity
and diabetes. Patients diagnosed with dyslipidemia may have xanthomas which are
deposits of cholesterol under the skin and also under the eyes. The commonly
prescribed medications for the management of dyslipidemia include fibric acid
derivatives, bile acid drugs, statins, nicotinic acid, and reduce the progression of
dyslipidemia complications in health practice. Early identification of risk factors,
diagnosis and cholesterol screening programmes can prevent the progression of the
dyslipidemic burden among high cholesterol risk patients.
Keywords: Cholesterol, Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Lipoproteins,
Xanthomas.
