Drug delivery systems, vaccination, and diagnostic imaging are the main
aspects that enhance the effectiveness of human health and safety. This system protects
an organism against microbes, viruses, parasites, and allergens. The immune system
represents the level of the ontogenic and phylogenetic development of a biosystem. The
degree of efficiency to protect against infection varies in different organisms. Overall,
the functional mechanism of the immune system is complicated. Any molecule, or a
pathogen entering the human body or a biosystem, has to face various components of
the immune system. It is imperative to understand the concept of the interactions
between nanomaterials and the components of the immune system. This understanding
will improve, improvise, and elevate the degree of clinical translation of nanomedicine
in the field of human health and safety. There seems to be an enormous scope of
studies related to the intricacies of interaction occurring at the bio-nano-interface.
These efforts will guide to design the rational nanomaterials that are either fabricated or
synthesized with specific targets. The study of the modes or the patterns involved
during the interactions between nanomaterials and the immune system can maintain the
appropriate defense system of the individual against infections, xenobiotics, and any
foreign molecule. This chapter deals with the applications of nanomaterials in the
delivery system, competence of nanomaterials concerning the immune system,
immunomodulation, immunosuppression, immunostimulation, and interactions
between various nanomaterials and the components of the immune system.
Keywords: Immunomodulation, Immunosuppression, Immunostimulation,
Immunological Memory, Nanomaterials.
