Genetic material is a stable biomolecule in an organism. The intact and
integrated transfer of genetic information from the parental generation to the offspring
(daughter cells) is essential. This transfer acts as a basis and ensures the conveyance of
somatic and sex-linked traits from generation to generation. The DNA contains genetic
information and is present in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, while viruses have genetic
information either in DNA or RNA. The genetic information plays a prime role in
maintaining structural, physiological originality and modifications by retaining the
specific pattern of transcription, translation, and replication of genetic material during
cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell differentiation, etc. Cellular behavior reflects on the
structural, functional, and genetic health of a cell, tissues, and an organism. The
formulations of nanomaterials are in concern with the targeted moieties. The
nanomaterials have spread their tentacles in most of the fields following the functional
and procedural aspects of the biological and non-biological sciences. Different types of
nanomaterials are produced in order to meet the demands of various domains like
biotechnology, biomedical sciences, industrial, material sciences, etc. Nanomaterials
cause either beneficial or harmful effects in a biosystem and the environment. The
disoriented biochemical, biophysical, and biomolecular impacts are due to the adverse
effects of nanomaterials on genetic contents. This condition brings disorganized
functionality of the genetic information and the cell. The evaluation of their
implications on biomolecules like DNA and RNA is essential to understand the
mechanism involved. This chapter deals with the overall biochemical, physiological,
and biophysical aspects of genetic contents, along with the impacts of various types of
nanomaterials
Keywords: Annealing, Bionanointerface, Carbon Nanomaterials, Dendrimers,
DNA, Histone- Proteins, Hydrophobicity And Hydrophilicity, Quantum Dots.
