The history of steel castings is associated with previously developed
technologies for obtaining castings of bronze, copper and cast iron. These formed the
basis for the improvement and development of casting technology of metal with a
higher melting temperature and higher mechanical properties, and then - better utility
properties (corrosion resistance, impact toughness at low temperatures and finally -
smelting in a vacuum). The development of steel smelting technology and methods of
obtaining steel castings have been presented against the background of extremely
extensive literature on bronze casting in ancient times.
Keywords: Ancient castings, Converters, Electric arc furnace, History of steel
castings, Lost wax technique, Vacuum technologies.
