Despite wide range of biomarkers studied in heart failure (HF), only
natriuretic peptides have become standard-of-care biomarkers in HF and are currently
the elected biomarkers that have crossed the field of research commonly used in daily
practice. To achieve this knowledge, many biomarkers related to different pathophysiological
effects in HF have been studied, being these pathways: myocardial
stretch, myocyte injury, extracellular matrix and fibrotic state, inflammation, renal
dysfunction, neurohormonal activation, and oxidative stress. The aim of this review
was to summarize the published data about biomarkers studied in HF, focusing on data
from randomized prospective clinical trials and large community-based cohorts. We
also reviewed the new trends in those biomarkers and their application on this
pathology.
Keywords: Acute heart failure, Adrenomedullin, Biomarkers, BNP, C-type natriuretic
peptide, Chronic heart failure, Collagen peptides, Copeptin, CRP, Diagnosis,
Endothelin, Galectin-3, Heart failure, Neprilysin, NT-proBNP, Prognosis,
Review, ST2, Troponin, Urate.