Electrochemical sensors have been widely used in recent decades because
they have many advantages such as high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, with the use
of simple instrumentation low cost and can be successfully applied in the samples of
clinical, environmental interest, and industry in general. Due to the versatility of these
devices, they can be prepared from materials that provide higher reactivity and
selectivity. The carbon based carbon materials are widely employed because of the
ability to form a wide variety of composite materials. The composites based on
graphene and carbon nanotubes have attracted great interest because they have
important features, such as high speed in transferring electrons, high surface area, good
chemical and mechanical stability, and therefore, they are used in the development of
electrochemical sensors. Other promising materials used in the electrodes modification
to electroanalytical applications are the Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and / or
Ionically (MIP) and (IIP) that have become an important analytical tool due to the
biomimetic recognition systems such as the specific antigen-antibody. These materials
have many advantages when compared to organic systems such as ease of synthesis,
stability in storage for long periods of time and cost. Some inorganic compounds have
also been applied as modifiers of electrodes to enhance their electrochemical
properties. Among these inorganic compounds, there are the nanoparticles of noble
metals, which provide an increased surface area due to the nanoscale and
nanostructured metal oxides that present numerous electronic properties and different
applications. Thus this study aims to explore the use of new materials used in the
development of electrochemical sensors.
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Carbon quantum dots, Electrochemical sensors,
Fullerene, Graphene, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and or Ionically (MIP) and
(IIP), Nanofibers, Noble metal nanoparticles
