Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe Translate in Chinese
Review Article

Research Progress on Brucellosis

Author(s): Yuming Deng, Xinyue Liu, Kaifang Duan and Qisheng Peng*

Volume 26, Issue 30, 2019

Page: [5598 - 5608] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180510125009

Price: $65

Abstract

Brucellosis is a debilitating febrile illness caused by an intracellular Brucella. The disease is distributed in humans and animals widely, especially in developing countries. Ten species are included in the genus Brucella nowadays; four species of them are pathogenic to humans, which make brucellosis a zoonosis with more than 500,000 new cases reported annually. For human brucellosis, the most pathogenic species is B. melitensis followed by B. suis, while B. abortus is the mildest type of brucellosis. The infection mechanism of Brucella is complicated and mostly relies on its virulence factors. The therapy of the disease contains vaccination and antibiotic. However, there are some defects in currently available vaccines such as the lower protective level and safety. Thus, safe and efficient vaccines for brucellosis are still awaited. The dual therapy of antibacterial is effective in the treatment of brucellosis if a rapid and exact detection method is found.

Keywords: Brucella, brucellosis, pathogen, treatment, febrile illness, genus, zoonosis.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Pappas, G.; Akritidis, N.; Bosilkovski, M.; Tsianos, E. Brucellosis. N. Engl. J. Med., 2005, 352(22), 2325-2336.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra050570] [PMID: 15930423]
[2]
Seleem, M.N.; Boyle, S.M.; Sriranganathan, N. Brucellosis: a re-emerging zoonosis. Vet. Microbiol., 2010, 140(3-4), 392-398.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.06.021] [PMID: 19604656]
[3]
Celli, J.; de Chastellier, C.; Franchini, D.M.; Pizarro-Cerda, J.; Moreno, E.; Gorvel, J.P. Brucella evades macrophage killing via VirB-dependent sustained interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Exp. Med., 2003, 198(4), 545-556.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20030088] [PMID: 12925673]
[4]
Seleem, M.N.; Boyle, S.M.; Sriranganathan, N. Brucella: a pathogen without classic virulence genes. Vet. Microbiol., 2008, 129(1-2), 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.11.023] [PMID: 18226477]
[5]
Godfroid, J.; Nielsen, K.; Saegerman, C. Diagnosis of brucellosis in livestock and wildlife. Croat. Med. J., 2010, 51(4), 296-305.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2010.51.296] [PMID: 20718082]
[6]
Moreno, E. Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis. Front. Microbiol., 2014, 5, 213.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00213] [PMID: 24860561]
[7]
Ducrotoy, M.J.; Conde-Álvarez, R.; Blasco, J.M.; Moriyón, I. A review of the basis of the immunological diagnosis of ruminant brucellosis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2016, 171, 81-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.02.002] [PMID: 26964721]
[8]
Ley, J.D.; Mannheim, W.; Segers, P.; Lievens, A.; Denijn, M.; Vanhoucke, M.; Gillis, M. Ribosomal ribonucleic acid cistron similarities and taxonomic neighborhood of Brucella and CDC group Vd. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1987, 37(1), 35-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-37-1-35]
[9]
Forestier, C.; Moreno, E.; Pizarro-Cerda, J.; Gorvel, J.P. Lysosomal accumulation and recycling of lipopolysaccharide to the cell surface of murine macrophages, an in vitro and in vivo study. J Immunol. (Baltimore, Md.:1950), , 1999, 162(11), 6784-6791.
[PMID: 10352299]
[10]
Chandran, V. Type IV secretion machinery: molecular architecture and function. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2013, 41(1), 17-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BST20120332] [PMID: 23356253]
[11]
Arellano-Reynoso, B.; Lapaque, N.; Salcedo, S.; Briones, G.; Ciocchini, A.E.; Ugalde, R.; Moreno, E.; Moriyón, I.; Gorvel, J.P. Cyclic beta-1,2-glucan is a Brucella virulence factor required for intracellular survival. Nat. Immunol., 2005, 6(6), 618-625.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ni1202] [PMID: 15880113]
[12]
Beck, B.L.; Tabatabai, L.B.; Mayfield, J.E. A protein isolated from Brucella abortus is a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. Biochemistry, 1990, 29(2), 372-376.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00454a010] [PMID: 2105741]
[13]
Jiang, X.; Baldwin, C.L. Effects of cytokines on intracellular growth of Brucella abortus. Infect. Immun., 1993, 61(1), 124-134.
[PMID: 8418034]
[14]
Hornback, M.L.; Roop, R.M., II The Brucella abortus xthA-1 gene product participates in base excision repair and resistance to oxidative killing but is not required for wild-type virulence in the mouse model. J. Bacteriol., 2006, 188(4), 1295-1300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.188.4.1295-1300.2006] [PMID: 16452411]
[15]
Bandara, A.B.; Contreras, A.; Contreras-Rodriguez, A.; Martins, A.M.; Dobrean, V.; Poff-Reichow, S.; Rajasekaran, P.; Sriranganathan, N.; Schurig, G.G.; Boyle, S.M. Brucella suis urease encoded by ure1 but not ure2 is necessary for intestinal infection of BALB/c mice. BMC Microbiol., 2007, 7, 57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-7-57] [PMID: 17578575]
[16]
Endley, S.; McMurray, D.; Ficht, T.A. Interruption of the cydB locus in Brucella abortus attenuates intracellular survival and virulence in the mouse model of infection. J. Bacteriol., 2001, 183(8), 2454-2462.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.183.8.2454-2462.2001] [PMID: 11274104]
[17]
Lavigne, J.P.; Patey, G.; Sangari, F.J.; Bourg, G.; Ramuz, M.; O’Callaghan, D.; Michaux-Charachon, S. Identification of a new virulence factor, BvfA, in Brucella suis. Infect. Immun., 2005, 73(9), 5524-5529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.9.5524-5529.2005] [PMID: 16113268]
[18]
Rossetti, C.A.; Drake, K.L.; Siddavatam, P.; Lawhon, S.D.; Nunes, J.E.; Gull, T.; Khare, S.; Everts, R.E.; Lewin, H.A.; Adams, L.G. Systems biology analysis of Brucella infected Peyer’s patch reveals rapid invasion with modest transient perturbations of the host transcriptome. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12)e81719
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081719] [PMID: 24349118]
[19]
Smith, J.A.; Khan, M.; Magnani, D.D.; Harms, J.S.; Durward, M.; Radhakrishnan, G.K.; Liu, Y.P.; Splitter, G.A. Brucella induces an unfolded protein response via TcpB that supports intracellular replication in macrophages. PLoS Pathog., 2013, 9(12)e1003785
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003785] [PMID: 24339776]
[20]
de Figueiredo, P.; Ficht, T.A.; Rice-Ficht, A.; Rossetti, C.A.; Adams, L.G. Pathogenesis and immunobiology of brucellosis: review of Brucella-host interactions. Am. J. Pathol., 2015, 185(6), 1505-1517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.003] [PMID: 25892682]
[21]
Adams, L.G. The pathology of brucellosis reflects the outcome of the battle between the host genome and the Brucella genome. Vet. Microbiol., 2002, 90(1-4), 553-561.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00235-3] [PMID: 12414171]
[22]
Dornand, J.; Gross, A.; Lafont, V.; Liautard, J.; Oliaro, J.; Liautard, J.P. The innate immune response against Brucella in humans. Vet. Microbiol., 2002, 90(1-4), 383-394.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00223-7] [PMID: 12414158]
[23]
Arenas, G.N.; Staskevich, A.S.; Aballay, A.; Mayorga, L.S. Intracellular trafficking of Brucella abortus in J774 macrophages. Infect. Immun., 2000, 68(7), 4255-4263.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.68.7.4255-4263.2000] [PMID: 10858243]
[24]
Pizarro-Cerdá, J.; Moreno, E.; Sanguedolce, V.; Mege, J.L.; Gorvel, J.P. Virulent Brucella abortus prevents lysosome fusion and is distributed within autophagosome-like compartments. Infect. Immun., 1998, 66(5), 2387-2392.
[PMID: 9573138]
[25]
Gorvel, J.P.; Moreno, E. Brucella intracellular life: from invasion to intracellular replication. Vet. Microbiol., 2002, 90(1-4), 281-297.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00214-6] [PMID: 12414149]
[26]
Sola-Landa, A.; Pizarro-Cerdá, J.; Grilló, M.J.; Moreno, E.; Moriyón, I.; Blasco, J.M.; Gorvel, J.P.; López-Goñi, I. A two-component regulatory system playing a critical role in plant pathogens and endosymbionts is present in Brucella abortus and controls cell invasion and virulence. Mol. Microbiol., 1998, 29(1), 125-138.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00913.x] [PMID: 9701808]
[27]
Galińska, E.M.; Zagórski, J. Brucellosis in humans--etiology, diagnostics, clinical forms. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med., 2013, 20(2), 233-238.
[PMID: 23772567]
[28]
Corbel, M.J. Brucellosis: an overview. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 1997, 3(2), 213-221.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0302.970219] [PMID: 9204307]
[29]
Spink, W.W.; Hoffbauer, F.W. Histopathology of the liver in human brucellosis. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 1949, 34(1), 40-58.
[PMID: 18106408]
[30]
Williams, R.K.; Crossley, K. Acute and chronic hepatic involvement of brucellosis. Gastroenterology, 1982, 83(2), 455-458.
[PMID: 7084621]
[31]
Chacón-Díaz, C.; Altamirano-Silva, P.; González-Espinoza, G.; Medina, M.C.; Alfaro-Alarcón, A.; Bouza-Mora, L.; Jiménez-Rojas, C.; Wong, M.; Barquero-Calvo, E.; Rojas, N.; Guzmán-Verri, C.; Moreno, E.; Chaves-Olarte, E. Brucella canis is an intracellular pathogen that induces a lower proinflammatory response than smooth zoonotic counterparts. Infect. Immun., 2015, 83(12), 4861-4870.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00995-15] [PMID: 26438796]
[32]
Olsen, S.C.; Palmer, M.V. Advancement of knowledge of Brucella over the past 50 years. Vet. Pathol., 2014, 51(6), 1076-1089.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985814540545] [PMID: 24981716]
[33]
Covert, J.; Mathison, A.J.; Eskra, L.; Banai, M.; Splitter, G. Brucella melitensis, B. neotomae and B. ovis elicit common and distinctive macrophage defense transcriptional responses. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 2009, 234(12), 1450-1467.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0904-RM-124] [PMID: 19934366]
[34]
Bricker, B.J.; Ewalt, D.R.; MacMillan, A.P.; Foster, G.; Brew, S. Molecular characterization of Brucella strains isolated from marine mammals. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2000, 38(3), 1258-1262.
[PMID: 10699036]
[35]
Rónai, Z.; Kreizinger, Z.; Dán, Á.; Drees, K.; Foster, J.T.; Bányai, K.; Marton, S.; Szeredi, L.; Jánosi, S.; Gyuranecz, M. First isolation and characterization of Brucella microti from wild boar. BMC Vet. Res., 2015, 11, 147.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0456-z] [PMID: 26163135]
[36]
Scholz, H.C.; Nöckler, K.; Göllner, C.; Bahn, P.; Vergnaud, G.; Tomaso, H.; Al Dahouk, S.; Kämpfer, P.; Cloeckaert, A.; Maquart, M.; Zygmunt, M.S.; Whatmore, A.M.; Pfeffer, M.; Huber, B.; Busse, H.J.; De, B.K. Brucella inopinata sp. nov., isolated from a breast implant infection. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2010, 60(Pt 4), 801-808.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.011148-0] [PMID: 19661515]
[37]
Whatmore, A.M.; Davison, N.; Cloeckaert, A.; Al Dahouk, S.; Zygmunt, M.S.; Brew, S.D.; Perrett, L.L.; Koylass, M.S.; Vergnaud, G.; Quance, C.; Scholz, H.C.; Dick, E.J. Jr.; Hubbard, G.; Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, N.E. Brucella papionis sp. nov., isolated from baboons (Papio spp.). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2014, 64(Pt 12), 4120-4128.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.065482-0] [PMID: 25242540]
[38]
Schlabritz-Loutsevitch, N.E.; Whatmore, A.M.; Quance, C.R.; Koylass, M.S.; Cummins, L.B.; Dick, E.J., Jr; Snider, C.L.; Cappelli, D.; Ebersole, J.L.; Nathanielsz, P.W.; Hubbard, G.B. A novel Brucella isolate in association with two cases of stillbirth in non-human primates - first report. J. Med. Primatol., 2009, 38(1), 70-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00314.x] [PMID: 19187435]
[39]
Banai, M.; Itin, R.; Bardenstein, S. Perspectives and outcomes of the activity of a reference laboratory for brucellosis. Front. Vet. Sci., 2018, 4, 234.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00234] [PMID: 29354639]
[40]
Scholz, H.C.; Revilla-Fernández, S.; Al Dahouk, S.; Hammerl, J.A.; Zygmunt, M.S.; Cloeckaert, A.; Koylass, M.; Whatmore, A.M.; Blom, J.; Vergnaud, G.; Witte, A.; Aistleitner, K.; Hofer, E. Brucella vulpis sp. nov., isolated from mandibular lymph nodes of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2016, 66(5), 2090-2098.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000998] [PMID: 26928956]
[41]
Eisenberg, T.; Hamann, H.P.; Kaim, U.; Schlez, K.; Seeger, H.; Schauerte, N.; Melzer, F.; Tomaso, H.; Scholz, H.C.; Koylass, M.S.; Whatmore, A.M.; Zschöck, M. Isolation of potentially novel Brucella spp. from frogs. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2012, 78(10), 3753-3755.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.07509-11] [PMID: 22407680]
[42]
Traxler, R.M.; Lehman, M.W.; Bosserman, E.A.; Guerra, M.A.; Smith, T.L. A literature review of laboratory-acquired brucellosis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 2013, 51(9), 3055-3062.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00135-13] [PMID: 23824774]
[43]
Roushan, M.R.; Amiri, M.J. Update on childhood brucellosis. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov, 2013, 8(1), 42-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X11308010008] [PMID: 22812616]
[44]
Tuon, F.F.; Gondolfo, R.B.; Cerchiari, N. Human-to-human transmission of Brucella - a systematic review. Trop. Med. Int. Health, 2017, 22(5), 539-546.
[PMID: 28196298] [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12856]
[45]
Young, E.J. An overview of human brucellosis. Clin. Infect. Dis., 1995, 21(2), 283-289.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.2.283] [PMID: 8562733]
[46]
Godfroid, J.; Al Dahouk, S.; Pappas, G.; Roth, F.; Matope, G.; Muma, J.; Marcotty, T.; Pfeiffer, D.; Skjerve, E.A. “One Health” surveillance and control of brucellosis in developing countries: moving away from improvisation. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2013, 36(3), 241-248.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2012.09.001] [PMID: 23044181]
[47]
Franc, K.A.; Krecek, R.C.; Häsler, B.N.; Arenas-Gamboa, A.M. Brucellosis remains a neglected disease in the developing world: a call for interdisciplinary action. BMC Public Health, 2018, 18(1), 125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-5016-y] [PMID: 29325516]
[48]
Doganay, M.; Aygen, B. Human brucellosis: an overview. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2003, 7(3), 173-182.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1201-9712(03)90049-X]
[49]
Ulu-Kilic, A.; Metan, G.; Alp, E. Clinical presentations and diagnosis of brucellosis. Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov., 2013, 8(1), 34-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X11308010007] [PMID: 22873352]
[50]
Andriopoulos, P.; Tsironi, M.; Deftereos, S.; Aessopos, A.; Assimakopoulos, G. Acute brucellosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of 144 cases. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2007, 11(1), 52-57.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2005.10.011] [PMID: 16651018]
[51]
Kortepeter, M.G.; Parker, G.W. Potential biological weapons threats. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 1999, 5(4), 523-527.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0504.990411] [PMID: 10458957]
[52]
Kaufmann, A.F.; Meltzer, M.I.; Schmid, G.P. The economic impact of a bioterrorist attack: are prevention and postattack intervention programs justifiable? Emerg. Infect. Dis., 1997, 3(2), 83-94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0302.970201] [PMID: 9204289]
[53]
Chain, P.S.; Comerci, D.J.; Tolmasky, M.E.; Larimer, F.W.; Malfatti, S.A.; Vergez, L.M.; Aguero, F.; Land, M.L.; Ugalde, R.A.; Garcia, E. Whole-genome analyses of speciation events in pathogenic Brucellae. Infect. Immun., 2005, 73(12), 8353-8361.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.12.8353-8361.2005] [PMID: 16299333]
[54]
Mousa, A.R.; Muhtaseb, S.A.; Almudallal, D.S.; Khodeir, S.M.; Marafie, A.A. Osteoarticular complications of brucellosis: a study of 169 cases. Rev. Infect. Dis., 1987, 9(3), 531-543.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/9.3.531] [PMID: 3496650]
[55]
Petrella, R.; Young, E.J. Acute Brucella ileitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 1988, 83(1), 80-82.
[PMID: 3337066]
[56]
Stermer, E.; Levy, N.; Potasman, I.; Jaffe, M.; Boss, J. Brucellosis as a cause of severe colitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 1991, 86(7), 917-919.
[PMID: 2058640]
[57]
Halim, M.A.; Ayub, A.; Abdulkareem, A.; Ellis, M.E.; al-Gazlan, S. Brucella peritonitis. J. Infect., 1993, 27(2), 169-172.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-4453(93)94755-Z] [PMID: 8228298]
[58]
Wang, M.; Zhu, Q.; Yang, Q.; Li, W.; Wang, X.; Liu, W.; Zhou, B.; Li, Z.; Yang, H. Intestinal brucellosis associated with celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery stenosis and with ileum mucosa and submucosa thickening: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore), 2017, 96(2)e5893
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005893] [PMID: 28079834]
[59]
Khan, M.S.; Humayoon, M.S.; Al Manee, M.S. Epididymo-orchitis and Brucellosis. Br. J. Urol., 1989, 63(1), 87-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05131.x] [PMID: 2920268]
[60]
Hasanjani Roushan, M.R.; Ebrahimpour, S.; Moulana, Z. Different clinical presentations of brucellosis. Jundishapur J. Microbiol., 2016, 9(4)e33765
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/jjm.33765] [PMID: 27284398]
[61]
Lulu, A.R.; Araj, G.F.; Khateeb, M.I.; Mustafa, M.Y.; Yusuf, A.R.; Fenech, F.F. Human brucellosis in Kuwait: a prospective study of 400 cases. Q. J. Med., 1988, 66(249), 39-54.
[PMID: 3051080]
[62]
Al Dahouk, S.; Nöckler, K. Implications of laboratory diagnosis on brucellosis therapy. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther., 2011, 9(7), 833-845.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eri.11.55] [PMID: 21810055]
[63]
Edelsten, R.M. Techniques for the brucellosis laboratory. Vet. Res. Commun., 1989, 13(6), 420-420.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402562]
[64]
Le Flèche, P.; Jacques, I.; Grayon, M.; Al Dahouk, S.; Bouchon, P.; Denoeud, F.; Nöckler, K.; Neubauer, H.; Guilloteau, L.A.; Vergnaud, G. Evaluation and selection of tandem repeat loci for a Brucella MLVA typing assay. BMC Microbiol., 2006, 6, 9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-6-9] [PMID: 16469109]
[65]
Maquart, M.; Le Flèche, P.; Foster, G.; Tryland, M.; Ramisse, F.; Djønne, B.; Al Dahouk, S.; Jacques, I.; Neubauer, H.; Walravens, K.; Godfroid, J.; Cloeckaert, A.; Vergnaud, G. MLVA-16 typing of 295 marine mammal Brucella isolates from different animal and geographic origins identifies 7 major groups within Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis. BMC Microbiol., 2009, 9, 145.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-9-145] [PMID: 19619320]
[66]
Whatmore, A.M. Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella, an expanding genus of zoonotic pathogens. Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 2009, 9(6), 1168-1184.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.07.001]
[67]
Bricker, B.J.; Halling, S.M. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv. 1, 2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis bv. 1 by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 1994, 32(11), 2660-2666.
[PMID: 7852552]
[68]
Bricker, B.J. PCR as a diagnostic tool for brucellosis. Vet. Microbiol., 2002, 90(1-4), 435-446.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00228-6] [PMID: 12414163]
[69]
Bricker, B.J.; Ewalt, D.R.; Olsen, S.C.; Jensen, A.E. Evaluation of the Brucella abortus species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, an improved version of the Brucella AMOS polymerase chain reaction assay for cattle. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 2003, 15(4), 374-378.
[PMID: 12918821] [http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500413]
[70]
García-Yoldi, D.; Marín, C.M.; de Miguel, M.J.; Muñoz, P.M.; Vizmanos, J.L.; López-Goñi, I. Multiplex PCR assay for the identification and differentiation of all Brucella species and the vaccine strains Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 and Brucella melitensis Rev1. Clin. Chem., 2006, 52(4), 779-781.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.062596] [PMID: 16595839]
[71]
Rose, J.E.; Roepke, M.H. An acidified antigen for detection of nonspecific reactions in the plate-agglutination test for bovine brucellosis. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1957, 18(68), 550-555.
[PMID: 13444570]
[72]
Corrente, M.; Desario, C.; Parisi, A.; Grandolfo, E.; Scaltrito, D.; Vesco, G.; Colao, V.; Buonavoglia, D. Serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis using B. melitensis strain B115. J. Microbiol. Methods, 2015, 119, 106-109.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2015.10.012] [PMID: 26476137]
[73]
Araj, G.F.; Lulu, A.R.; Mustafa, M.Y.; Khateeb, M.I. Evaluation of ELISA in the diagnosis of acute and chronic brucellosis in human beings. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 1986, 97(3), 457-469.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400063634] [PMID: 3794323]
[74]
Ramírez-Pfeiffer, C.; Nielsen, K.; Smith, P.; Marín-Ricalde, F.; Rodríguez-Padilla, C.; Gomez-Flores, R. Application of the fluorescence polarization assay for detection of caprine antibodies to Brucella melitensis in areas of high prevalence and widespread vaccination. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 2007, 14(3), 299-303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00350-06] [PMID: 17267588]
[75]
Zuckerman, A.J. Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals fifth edition, world health organisation for animal health. J. Virol. Meth.,; , 2004, 123, p. (2)227.
[76]
Glynn, M.K.; Lynn, T.V. Brucellosis. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 2008, 233(6), 900-908.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.233.6.900] [PMID: 18795849]
[77]
Avila-Calderón, E.D.; Lopez-Merino, A.; Sriranganathan, N.; Boyle, S.M.; Contreras-Rodríguez, A. A history of the development of Brucella vaccines. BioMed Res. Int., 2013.2013743509
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/743509] [PMID: 23862154]
[78]
Araj, G.F. Update on laboratory diagnosis of human brucellosis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2010, 36(Suppl. 1), S12-S17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.014] [PMID: 20692128]
[79]
Al Dahouk, S.; Neubauer, H.; Hensel, A.; Schöneberg, I.; Nöckler, K.; Alpers, K.; Merzenich, H.; Stark, K.; Jansen, A. Changing epidemiology of human brucellosis, Germany, 1962-2005. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2007, 13(12), 1895-1900.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1312.070527] [PMID: 18258041]
[80]
Gwida, M.; Al Dahouk, S.; Melzer, F.; Rösler, U.; Neubauer, H.; Tomaso, H. Brucellosis - regionally emerging zoonotic disease? Croat. Med. J., 2010, 51(4), 289-295.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2010.51.289] [PMID: 20718081]
[81]
Al-Tawfiq, J.A.; Memish, Z.A. Antibiotic susceptibility and treatment of brucellosis. Recent Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov., 2013, 8(1), 51-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891X11308010010] [PMID: 22812615]
[82]
Sayan, M.; Kilic, S.; Uyanik, M.H. Epidemiological survey of rifampicin resistance in clinic isolates of Brucella melitensis obtained from all regions of Turkey. Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy, , 2012, 18(1), 41-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-011-0281-7]
[83]
Lubani, M.M.; Dudin, K.I.; Sharda, D.C.; Ndhar, D.S.; Araj, G.F.; Hafez, H.A.; al-Saleh, Q.A.; Helin, I.; Salhi, M.M. A multicenter therapeutic study of 1100 children with brucellosis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 1989, 8(2), 75-78.
[PMID: 2649867]
[84]
Ariza, J.; Bosilkovski, M.; Cascio, A.; Colmenero, J.D.; Corbel, M.J.; Falagas, M.E.; Memish, Z.A.; Roushan, M.R.; Rubinstein, E.; Sipsas, N.V.; Solera, J.; Young, E.J.; Pappas, G. Perspectives for the treatment of brucellosis in the 21st century: the Ioannina recommendations. PLoS Med., 2007, 4(12)e317
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040317] [PMID: 18162038]
[85]
Skalsky, K.; Yahav, D.; Bishara, J.; Pitlik, S.; Leibovici, L.; Paul, M. Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ, 2008, 336(7646), 701-704.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39497.500903.25] [PMID: 18321957]
[86]
Schurig, G.G.; Sriranganathan, N.; Corbel, M.J. Brucellosis vaccines: past, present and future. Vet. Microbiol., 2002, 90(1-4), 479-496.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00255-9] [PMID: 12414166]
[87]
Sterne, M.; Trim, G.; Broughton, E.S. Immunisation of laboratory animals and cattle with non-agglutinogenic extracts of Brucella abortus strain 45-20. J. Med. Microbiol., 1971, 4(2), 185-194.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-4-2-185] [PMID: 4998854]
[88]
Moriyón, I.; Grilló, M.J.; Monreal, D.; González, D.; Marín, C.; López-Goñi, I.; Mainar-Jaime, R.C.; Moreno, E.; Blasco, J.M. Rough vaccines in animal brucellosis: structural and genetic basis and present status. Vet. Res., 2004, 35(1), 1-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/vetres:2003037] [PMID: 15099501]
[89]
Taylor, A.W.; Mcdiarmid, A. stability of the avirulent characters of Brucella abortus, strain 19 and strain 45/20 in lactating and pregnant cows. Vet. Rec., 1949.
[90]
Thomas, E.L.; Bracewell, C.D.; Corbel, M.J. Characterisation of Brucella abortus strain 19 cultures isolated from vaccinated cattle. Vet. Rec., 1981, 108(5), 90-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.108.5.90] [PMID: 6789543]
[91]
Lalsiamthara, J.; Lee, J.H. Development and trial of vaccines against Brucella. J. Vet. Sci., 2017, 18(S1), 281-290.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2017.18.S1.281] [PMID: 28859268]
[92]
Schurig, G.G.; Roop, R.M., II; Bagchi, T.; Boyle, S.; Buhrman, D.; Sriranganathan, N. Biological properties of RB51; a stable rough strain of Brucella abortus. Vet. Microbiol., 1991, 28(2), 171-188.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(91)90091-S] [PMID: 1908158]
[93]
Ashford, D.A.; di Pietra, J.; Lingappa, J.; Woods, C.; Noll, H.; Neville, B.; Weyant, R.; Bragg, S.L.; Spiegel, R.A.; Tappero, J.; Perkins, B.A. Adverse events in humans associated with accidental exposure to the livestock brucellosis vaccine RB51. Vaccine, 2004, 22(25-26), 3435-3439.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.02.041] [PMID: 15308369]
[94]
Banai, M. Control of small ruminant brucellosis by use of Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccine: laboratory aspects and field observations. Vet. Microbiol., 2002, 90(1-4), 497-519.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00231-6] [PMID: 12414167]
[95]
Olsen, S.C.; Stoffregen, W.S. Essential role of vaccines in brucellosis control and eradication programs for livestock. Expert Rev. Vaccines, 2005, 4(6), 915-928.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.4.6.915] [PMID: 16372886]
[96]
Lord, V.R.; Cherwonogrodzky, J.W.; Schurig, G.G.; Lord, R.D.; Marcano, M.J.; Meléndez, G.E. Venezuelan field trials of vaccines against brucellosis in swine. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1998, 59(5), 546-551.
[PMID: 9582954]
[97]
Xin, X. Orally administrable brucellosis vaccine: Brucella suis strain 2 vaccine. Vaccine, 1986, 4(4), 212-216.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(86)90131-3] [PMID: 3541425]
[98]
Perkins, S.D.; Smither, S.J.; Atkins, H.S. Towards a Brucella vaccine for humans. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 2010, 34(3), 379-394.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00211.x] [PMID: 20180858]
[99]
Pascual, D.W.; Yang, X.; Wang, H.; Goodwin, Z.; Hoffman, C.; Clapp, B. Alternative strategies for vaccination to brucellosis. Microbes Infect., 2017.
[PMID: 29287984]
[100]
Al-Mariri, A.; Tibor, A.; Mertens, P.; De Bolle, X.; Michel, P.; Godefroid, J.; Walravens, K.; Letesson, J.J. Protection of BALB/c mice against Brucella abortus 544 challenge by vaccination with bacterioferritin or P39 recombinant proteins with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as adjuvant. Infect. Immun., 2001, 69(8), 4816-4822.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.8.4816-4822.2001] [PMID: 11447155]
[101]
Oliveira, S.C.; Splitter, G.A. Immunization of mice with recombinant L7/L12 ribosomal protein confers protection against Brucella abortus infection. Vaccine, 1996, 14(10), 959-962.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410X(96)00018-7] [PMID: 8873388]
[102]
Yang, X.; Hudson, M.; Walters, N.; Bargatze, R.F.; Pascual, D.W. Selection of protective epitopes for Brucella melitensis by DNA vaccination. Infect. Immun., 2005, 73(11), 7297-7303.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.73.11.7297-7303.2005] [PMID: 16239526]
[103]
Pasquevich, K.A.; Estein, S.M.; García Samartino, C.; Zwerdling, A.; Coria, L.M.; Barrionuevo, P.; Fossati, C.A.; Giambartolomei, G.H.; Cassataro, J. Immunization with recombinant Brucella species outer membrane protein Omp16 or Omp19 in adjuvant induces specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as systemic and oral protection against Brucella abortus infection. Infect. Immun., 2009, 77(1), 436-445.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01151-08] [PMID: 18981242]
[104]
Yang, Y.; Yin, J.; Guo, D.; Lang, X.; Wang, X. Immunization of mice with recombinant S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase protein confers protection against Brucella melitensis infection. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 2011, 61(2), 159-167.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00758.x] [PMID: 21166726]
[105]
den Hartigh, A.B.; Sun, Y.H.; Sondervan, D.; Heuvelmans, N.; Reinders, M.O.; Ficht, T.A.; Tsolis, R.M. Differential requirements for VirB1 and VirB2 during Brucella abortus infection. Infect. Immun., 2004, 72(9), 5143-5149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.9.5143-5149.2004] [PMID: 15322008]
[106]
Muñoz-Montesino, C.; Andrews, E.; Rivers, R.; González-Smith, A.; Moraga-Cid, G.; Folch, H.; Céspedes, S.; Oñate, A.A. Intraspleen delivery of a DNA vaccine coding for superoxide dismutase (SOD) of Brucella abortus induces SOD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Infect. Immun., 2004, 72(4), 2081-2087.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.4.2081-2087.2004] [PMID: 15039330]
[107]
Goodwin, Z.I.; Pascual, D.W. Brucellosis vaccines for livestock. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 2016, 181, 51-58.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.011] [PMID: 27032465]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
174
8
Wayfinder Image
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy