Title:New Sides of Aldosterone Action in Cardiovascular System as Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention
Volume: 19
Issue: 16
Author(s): Patrycjusz Kolodziejczyk, Anna Gromotowicz-Poplawska, Michal Aleksiejczuk, Ewa Chabielska, Piotr Tutka and Wojciech Miltyk*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok,Poland
Keywords:
Aldosterone, genomic, nongenomic, mineralocorticoid receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, angiotensin II receptor
type 1, G protein-coupled estrogen receptor.
Abstract: Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, plays a crucial role in the regulation of
electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure. Although this role is undoubtedly important, it is not a
hormonal action that attracts the most attention. Aldosterone seems to be very important as a local
messenger in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the last few years, the attention was
focused on the correlation between raised aldosterone level and increased risk of cardiovascular
events. It has been demonstrated that aldosterone contributes to fibrosis, inflammation, endothelial
dysfunction, fibrinolytic disorders, and oxidative stress leading to CVD development and progression.
It used to be thought that the effects of aldosterone are mediated via classic nuclear receptors – mineralocorticoid
receptors (MRs). Now we know that the mechanism of aldosterone action in the
cardiovascular system (CVS) is much more complex since experimental and clinical studies indicate
that MR blockade may be not sufficient to abolish aldosterone-induced harmful effects in CVS. Thus,
the involvement of some other than MR, receptors, and factors is suggested. Moreover, in addition to
the generally known genomic action of aldosterone, which involves MR activation, the nongenomic
pathways are postulated in the mode of hormone action. More and more attention is focused on the
membrane-coupled receptors, which mediate the rapid effects of aldosterone and have been already
confirmed in different cells and tissues of CVS. Therefore, this brief review summarizes recent findings
about new sides of aldosterone action in CVS that could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
