Title:Nanoparticles Based on Plasma Proteins for Drug Delivery Applications
Volume: 22
Issue: 22
Author(s): Aysen Tezcaner, Erkan Türker Baran and Dilek Keskin
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Albumin, Fibrinogen, Lipoprotein, Transferrin. Nanoparticles, Drug Delivery.
Abstract: Background: Nanoparticulate delivery systems receive a lot of attention in pharmaceutical research and
market due to their in vivo stability, ability to protect entrapped drug, and ease of cellular penetration. The hemocompatibility
and the clearance half-life are important parameters of the nanodelivery systems that will be administered
through intravenous route. Natural components, like blood plasma proteins are ideal sources of biomaterial
for such systems with their long in vivo half-lives. Methods: The aim of this work is to review in vitro, in vivo and
clinical findings of nanocarriers based on blood plasma proteins, namely albumin, lipoproteins, fibrin/fibrinogen,
transferrin. Plasma protein based nanocarriers loaded with different bioactive molecules (i.e., anti-cancer, antiviral,
anti-epileptic drugs, DNA) have been developed using different preparation methods like desolvation, emulsification,
nab-technology, complexation methods. Results: Human serum albumin has attracted the most attention in the last decade as nanocarrier
due to its biocompatibility, high binding capacity to various drugs, and easy derivatization by covalent methods. Commercial
products of albumin nanoparticles have emerged on the market after its recognition. Low and high density lipoproteins have recently
been considered as valuable natural material for preparing hemocompatible small (app 20 nm) lipid-protein vesicles. For other proteins of
plasma, however, there are a limited number of studies that explored their potential as nanocarrier formulation. Therefore, there is huge
research potential for investigating the proteins like globulins, fibrinogen and transferrin as part of nanocarrier core. Conclusion: Plasma
protein based nanoparticulate delivery systems, especially albumin based ones have opened up and also will continue to open new treatment
strategy options for treating cancer, AIDS and other complex life threatening diseases with advances in nanotechnology and science.
