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Current Drug Abuse Reviews

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1874-4737
ISSN (Online): 1874-4745

Signs and Related Mechanisms of Ethanol Hepatotoxicity

Author(s): Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Teresa Magalhaes, Odilia Queiros, Jorge Brandao Proenca, Roxana Moreira, Maria de Lourdes Bastos and Felix Carvalho

Volume 8, Issue 2, 2015

Page: [86 - 103] Pages: 18

DOI: 10.2174/1874473708666150916113352

Price: $65

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Abstract

Ethanol is the most abused psychoactive substance. Accordingly to World Health Organization ethanol ranks among the top five risk factors for disease, disability and death (3.3 million/year) throughout the world. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic signs related to hepatoxicity of ethanol that may lead to suspected of abuse. Namely, steatosis, jaundice, cirrhosis, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices caput medusae, ascites, petechiae, ecchymoses, splenomegaly, hemochromatosis, xanthelasma, nutritional deficiency, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia and dilated congestive cardiomyopathy are discussed and related to the toxic mechanism of ethanol.

Keywords: Alcohol, ascites, caput medusae, cirrhosis, dilated congestive cardiomyopathy, ecchymoses, esophageal varices, ethanol, gynecomastia, hemochromatosis, hemorrhoids, hepatotoxicity, jaundice, nutritional deficiency, petechiae, splenomegaly, steatosis, testicular atrophy, xanthelasma.


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