Title:Redox-Driven Events in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and their Clinical Implications
Volume: 13
Issue: 2
Author(s): Andrea Name Colado Simao, Vanessa Jacob Victorino, Helena K. Morimoto, Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche and Carolina Panis
Affiliation:
Keywords:
AIDS, HIV-1, NeuroAIDS, nitric oxide, nitrosative stress, oxidative stress, redox
modifications.
Abstract: Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by the imbalance between the
production of reactive species (RS) or free radicals and their neutralization by the
antioxidant defenses, leading to the accumulation of RS and their derived metabolites, with
changes in the redox status of the cell. These RS can act on biological components and induce the oxidative
and nitrosative reactions on lipids, proteins, and DNA. In this context, a wide variety of chronic diseases
present oxidative stress as a part of the pathogenesis, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV-1) infection. The relationship between oxidative stress and HIV-1 infection lies in the fact that the RS
species are important components of the innate immune response, and their derived metabolites and reactions
participate in several events of the adaptative immune response. On the other hand, studies have shown
specific roles for oxidative-driven events in both the host immunity and the virus biology. Undoubtedly, the
occurrence of oxidative stress in HIV-1-infected patients has been implicated in disease progression, as well
as in developing other secondary disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, and metabolic
syndrome. This review aims to characterize the redox-driven events in the HIV-1 infection and their clinical
implications in the disease features.
