Title:Role of Endothelin in Uteroplacental Circulation and Fetal Vascular Function
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Author(s): Alexandra Paradis and Lubo Zhang
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Endothelin-1, placenta, fetal circulation, preeclampsia, hypertension.
Abstract: Endothelins are 21-amino acid peptides involved in vascular homeostasis. Three types of peptide have been
identified, with endothelin-1 (ET-1) being the most potent vasoconstrictor currently known. Two endothelin receptor subtypes
are found in various tissues, including the brain, heart, blood vessel, lung, and placenta. The ETA-receptor is associated
with vasoconstriction in vascular smooth muscle. Conversely, the ETB-receptor can elicit a vasoconstrictor effect in
vascular smooth muscle and a vasodilator effect via its action in endothelial cells. Both receptors play a key role in maintaining
circulatory homeostasis and vascular function. Changes in ET-1 expression are found in various disease states, and
overexpression of ET-1 is observed in hypertension and preeclampsia in pregnancy. Placental localization of ET-1 implies
a key role in regulating the uteroplacental circulation. Additionally, ET-1 is important in the fetal circulation and is involved
in the pulmonary circulation and closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth, as well as fetal growth constriction in
utero. ET receptor antagonists and nitric oxide donors may provide therapeutic potential in treating conditions associated
with overexpression of ET and hypertension.
