Title:Viral Encephalitis: Current Treatments and Future Perspectives
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Author(s): Renan Barros Domingues
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Virus, encephalitis, treatment, antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory agents, CNS lesion, brain parenchyma, intracranial pressure
Abstract: Several viruses may cause central nervous system infections that lead to a broad range of clinical
manifestations. The course of the viral encephalitis can be acute, sub acute, or chronic. Some viruses have the ability to
enter into the brain and cause direct injury, while others activate inflammatory cells that attack the central nervous system
(CNS) secondarily. Some types of viral encephalitis occur in previously healthy individuals, while others affect
immunocompromised patients. The epidemiology of viral encephalitis has undergone changes in recent years. Factors
such as evolving lifestyles and ecological changes have had a considerable impact on the epidemiology of some types of
viral encephalitis. The result is a change in the etiology spectrum of viral encephalitis, with new types of encephalitis
arising or returning from time to time. Many scientific achievements in neuroimaging, molecular diagnosis, antiviral
therapy, immunomodulatory treatments, and neurointensive care have allowed more precise and earlier diagnoses and
more efficient treatments, resulting in improved outcomes. Despite these advances, there is still considerable morbidity
and mortality related to these disorders. This aim of this article is to review the current knowledge of the current drugs
used in the management of the most important viral encephalitis, focusing on the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side
effects of the drugs. In addition, future perspectives in this area will be addressed. Despite the technological advances,
much effort has yet to be undertaken to reduce the impact of these potentially devastating diseases.