Title:Imaging Reporters and Multimodal Molecular Bio-Imaging: A Database of Available Probes for Multi-Modality Bio-Imaging of Reporter Gene Expression
Volume: 2
Issue: 1
Author(s): Rakesh Sharma, Avdhesh Sharma and Ching J. Chen
Affiliation:
Keywords:
Proteins, MRI-PET, multimodal imaging, oligonucleotides, gene expression.
Abstract: The review is on molecular imaging reporter gene expression probes to generate the image contrast. These
probes utilize the imaging technology specific to microscopic physical, physiological, metabolic events and changes to
differentiate pathology from normal tissue. Reporter gene expression technique generates the specific information at
micro- and nanoscopic scale with details of specific molecular or metabolic event. The present paper reviews a database
of measurable imaging methods of transgene expression of maltose binding domain with resource of protein molecules in
bioimaging. Molecular bioimaging is based on imaging the transgene expression products and offers multimodal real-time
genomic kinetics. With this aim, gene expression probes combined with adjunct molecular imaging techniques are
identified and their applications are defined for: 1. noninvasive in vivo imaging methods for specific molecular expression
and interactions of protein-protein domains, 2. to visualize time-based molecular events in the tissues, 3. to visualize and
follow-up trafficking and targeting of cells, 4. to optimize conditions of gene therapy and monitoring drug therapeutics, 5.
to develop rapid drug chemosensitivity assay to image the drug effect at cellular and molecular level by multimodal
radioimaging, optical and bioluminescence imaging. The feasibility of multimodal molecular imaging techniques on one
platform is reported to visualize the cells in animal body after administration of binding domain ligand into animals
through oral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intrathecal routes. The binding domain ligand acts as a secretory signal or
plasma membrane trafficking signal domain. It can be visualized by positron emission tomography imaging. Today, the
main challenge in developing multimodal multifunctional double labeled molecular imaging probes is to achieve goal of
rapid, reproducible multimodal imaging (optical, physical, biosensor) or radiolabel mapping (PET, CT) in noninvasive
and quantitative manner that can give information in time-dependent experimental, developmental, environmental and
therapeutic influence on gene products and proteins in animals or patients. This patent review will be useful resource
database of molecules as ‘bioinformatics of potential reporters’ and multimodal imaging methods on same platform
resource in selecting molecules to develop imaging techniques of cells or molecular events during influence of drugs,
metabolism, physiology, experimental, environmental and genetics in the body.
