Title:LGI1 Antibody-Associated Encephalitis Complicated with Sjögren's Syndrome and Acute Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report and Literature Review
Volume: 26
Issue: 1
Author(s): Dongxiao Jiang, Yanfen Lian, Xia Zhan, Jingjing Wang, Pengjiao Xu and Yuhua Bi*
Affiliation:
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital Afffliated to Qingdao University, Weihai, 264400, China
Keywords:
Autoimmune encephalitis, LGI1 antibody, acute cerebral infarction, Sjögren's syndrome, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), nervous system.
Abstract:
Background: Anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis is a rare autoimmune neurological
disorder, and primary Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease with multisystem
involvement. The coexistence of these conditions with acute cerebral infarction is extremely
rare and highlights complex interactions between autoimmune and vascular mechanisms.
Case Presentation: This case report describes a middle-aged female patient diagnosed with LGI1
antibody-associated encephalitis, complicated by Sjögren's syndrome and acute cerebral infarction.
The patient presented with an acute onset of symptoms, including delayed response, cognitive
impairment, and right-sided weakness. Brain MRI revealed a fresh infarction in the left basal
ganglia region. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests confirmed the presence of LGI1 antibodies,
with blood anti-SS-A antibody levels at +++ and anti-SS-B antibody levels at +, as well as anti-
Ro-52 antibody levels at +++.
Conclusions: This report emphasizes the importance of recognizing the overlap between these
conditions, as timely diagnosis and intervention can lead to better outcomes in similar cases. By
examining the relationship between anti-LGI1 antibody-associated encephalitis, primary Sjögren's
syndrome, and acute cerebral infarction, this paper aims to expand the understanding of the complex
interactions between autoimmune encephalitis and systemic disorders.
