Title:Medical Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities and Challenges In Infectious Disease Management
Volume: 33
Issue: 8
Author(s): Ankit Sahoo, Janhvi Singh, Kainat Alam, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Alhussain Aodah, Waleed H. Almalki, Salem Salman Almujri, Majed Alrobaian, Md Abul Barkat, Tanuja Singh, Jonathan A. Lal and Mahfoozur Rahman*
Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
Keywords:
AI, ML, epidemiology, prediction, infection diagnosis, infection prevention, wearable devices.
Abstract: Globally, millions of individuals suffer from infectious diseases, which are
major public health concerns caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. These diseases
can be transmitted directly or indirectly from person to person, potentially leading
to a pandemic or epidemic. Several advancements have been made in molecular genetics
for infectious disease management, which include pharmaceutical chemistry, medicine,
and infection tracking; however, these advancements still lack control over human infections.
Multidisciplinary cooperation is needed to address and control human infections.
Advancements in scientific tools have empowered scientists to enhance epidemic prediction,
gain insights into pathogen specificity, and pinpoint potential targets for drug development.
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodologies demonstrate significant potential
for integrating large-scale quantitative and omics data, enabling effective handling
of biological complexity. Machine Learning (ML) plays a crucial role in AI by leveraging
data to train predictive models. AI can enhance diagnostic accuracy through objective
pattern recognition, standardize infection diagnoses with implications for Infection
Prevention and Control (IPC), and aid in generalizing IPC knowledge. Additionally, AIpowered
hand hygiene applications have the potential to drive behavioral change, although
further evaluation in diverse clinical contexts is necessary. This review article
highlights AI's potential in improving the healthcare system in different aspects of infectious
diseases management, such as monitoring disease growth, using a real-time chatbot
for patient assistance, using image processing for diagnosis, and developing new
treatment algorithms. The study also discusses future directions for novel vaccine and
drug development, as well as other aspects, such as the need for physicians and healthcare
professionals to receive AI system training for their correct use and the ability of
doctors to identify and resolve any problems that may arise with AI.
