Title:Nutraceutical Synergy: Unraveling the Protective Effects of Methyl Gallate and Chia Seed Oil in Doxorubicin-induced Hepatic Injury and Bax/Bcl2 Imbalance
Volume: 32
Issue: 20
Author(s): Shakta Mani Satyam, Mohamed El-Tanani, Akheruz Zaman Ahmed, Manfredi Rizzo, Dimitrios Patoulias, Prakashchandra Shetty Kanyana*, Kalyan Chakravarthi Kosuri, Rashmi Kumari and Sainath Prabhakar
Affiliation:
- Department of Anatomy, Manipal University College of Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
Keywords:
Nutraceuticals, doxorubicin, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, hepatotoxicity, antioxidant, apoptosis.
Abstract:
Background: Nutraceuticals like methyl gallate and chia seed oil are gaining global attention for
their therapeutic potential. This study investigates their effects on hepatocyte apoptosis and liver architecture
in a doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity model, utilizing techniques such as TUNEL assay, immunohistochemistry
(Bax & Bcl2), H&E staining, and scanning electron microscopy.
Methodology: Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6): Group I (Normal healthy control),
Group II (Doxorubicin-intoxicated control), Group III (Doxorubicin-intoxicated + methyl gallate), Group
IV (Doxorubicin-intoxicated + chia seed oil), and Group V (Doxorubicin-intoxicated + both). Liver function
tests, histology, and cell apoptosis analysis were performed to assess the effects.
Results: Doxorubicin-intoxicated rats (Group II) exhibited significantly elevated ALT, AST, and ALP levels
(p < 0.001) and severe hepatic damage compared to controls. Group III and Group IV showed significant reductions
in liver enzyme levels (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), while Group V demonstrated the most
significant decrease (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed increased Bax and decreased Bcl2 expression
in Group II (p < 0.001), which improved significantly with methyl gallate, chia seed oil, and their combination
(p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). TUNEL assay showed reduced apoptotic index in treatment groups, with Group
V showing the most significant reduction (p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed
restoration of hepatocyte architecture, especially in Group V.
Conclusion: Methyl gallate and chia seed oil, individually and in combination, demonstrated significant hepatoprotective
effects against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, with the combination showing the greatest efficacy.
These nutraceuticals hold promise as adjunct therapies to reduce doxorubicin-induced liver injury.
