Title:Exploring Gut Microbiota and its Impact on the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Volume: 2
Author(s): Kousik Maparu, Mayank Attri and Shamsher Singh*
Affiliation:
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, gut-microbiota, polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, neuropathy, nephropathy, probiotics.
Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a rapidly escalating global health crisis
with significant implications for individual well-being and societal development. While advancements
have been made in understanding the genetic and environmental factors contributing to
T2DM, the role of social determinants, psychological stress, poor dietary habits, inadequate sleep,
and sedentary lifestyles demand further exploration. Oxidative stress, which is central to the pathogenesis
of diabetes, is driven by several metabolic pathways such as the AGE, polyol, hexosamine,
protein kinase C, and glycolytic pathways. Emerging evidence suggests that an imbalance in gut
microbiota may play a pivotal role in developing obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2DM. Promising
therapies, including probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, show the potential to
restore microbial balance, alleviate disease severity, and prevent diabetes-associated complications
like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Addressing this growing epidemic
requires an innovative, comprehensive approach that combines lifestyle modifications, environmental
interventions, and microbiota-targeted strategies for effective T2DM prevention and management.
